2013-08-03

英文文法-其它假設語氣句型

其它假設語氣句型


除If之外,其它wish, as if, without等亦可引導假設語氣的結構。
1. wish所引導的假設語氣:
                                                                            could
                                                                            would
(a) 表達與未來事實相反:S+ with+ (that)+ S+ should+原形動詞
                                                                            Might
例:I wish I could go to the party tomorrow.

                                                                             were
(b) 表達與現在事實相反:S+ wish+ (that)+ S+過去式
例:
1. I wish I were a millionaire.
2. I wish I had enough money.

(c) 表達與過去事實相反:S+ wish+ (that)+ S+ had+ p.p.
例:I wish I had known he was in hospital.
註:上列結構that可以省略;此外, 假設語氣的be動詞一律用were。

2. as if (= as though, 似乎,好像):as if所引導的假設語氣結構與上述wish的結構一樣。
                                                                      would
                                                                      should
(a) 表達與未來事實相反:S+ V+ as if+ S+ could +原形
                                                                      Might
例:He looks as if he would do it.

(b) 表達與現在事實相反:S+ V+ as if+ S+ were
過去式
例:
1. He looks as if he were a rich man.
2. He looks as if he liked it.

(c) 表達與過去事實相反:S+ V+ as if+ S+ had+ p.p.
例:He talked as if he had read that book.

3. with 表示“若有”,without 表示“若無”,亦是引導假設語氣的結構。
                                                                                       would
                                                          With                     should
(a) 表達與未來或與現在事實相反:Without+ NP, S+ could +have+ p.p.
                                                                                       might
例:With your help, I might succeed now.

                                                                        would
                                                                        With should
(b) 表達與過去事實相反:Without+ NP, S+ could +have+ p.p.
                                                                        Might
例:Without your help, I could have failed then.
註:事實上,with+ NP與without+ NP語意上等於第一節If子句的部份,故主要子句所用的動詞是一樣的。

4. 表達命令要求、堅持、建議勸告等動詞所引導的假設語氣:這類動詞常考者包括order, command, demand, ask, require(命令要求);insist, maintain(堅持);suggest, propose, recommend, advise(建議勸告)。

(a) S+ V+ (that)+ S+ (should)+原形動詞:that與should皆可省略,若省略should,則後面動詞一律用原形。
例:
1. I insisted (that) he (should) come back early.
2. My sister demanded (that) he (should) apologize (道歉)。
3. Jane suggested that I (should) buy a car.

(b) It be+ p.p.+ that+ S+ (should)+原形動詞
例:
1. It was required that he (should) finish his work on time.
2. It is recommended that we (should) do more exercise.

(c) It be+ adj+ that+ S+ (should)+原形:這種結構的形容詞(adj)亦是表達命令要求、堅持、建議勸告的語氣,常考的包括necessary, important, imperative, essential, insistent, advisable等。
例:
1. It is necessary that he (should) make an immediate decision.
2. It is advisable that we (should) do exercise at least twice a week.

5. It+ be (about或high) +time(that)+S+過去式:表達“該是‥的時候了”。
例:
1. It is time that you worked hard.
2. It is about time you went to bed.

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