2013-08-05

英文文法-比較的句型

比較的句型


1. 原級比較:
                                   adj
                                   adv
(a) 肯定:A+ V+ as+ many+複數名詞+as +B (A像B那樣…)
                                   much+單數名詞

                                          adj
                                         adv
(b) 否定:A+ V+ not as+ many+複數名詞+as+ B (A不像B那樣…)
                           not so    much+單數名詞
例:
1. He works as hard as I.
2. This book is not so interesting as that one.
3. I don’t have so much money as my brother.
請注意:肯定只能用“as…as”,不能用“so…as”。

2. 比較級:
(a) 肯定:A+ V+ more+ adj或adv+ than+ B (A比B還…)
                            adj+ er或adv+ er
(b) 否定:A+ V+ less+ adj或adv+ than+ B (A比B還不…)
例:
1. Steve runs faster than John.
2. Nothing is more important than water.
3. This sentence looks less easy than that one.
請注意:比較級要用than當連接詞,形容詞或副詞若可以加er尌不能再用more,而less後面的形容詞或副詞一律用原級。

3. 最高級:
                                                               in
(a) 肯定:S+ V+ the most+ adj或adv+ of + 名詞片語 (最…)
                                                               among

                                                               in
(b) 否定:S+ V+ the least+ adj或adv+ of +名詞片語 (最不…)
                                                               among
例:
1. He is the most famous of all the painters.
= of all the painters he is the most famous.
2. Robert is the tallest among his classmates.
= Among his classmates Robert is the tallest.
3. He is the least known(最不出名) of the modern poets.
= Of the modern poets he is the least known.
請注意下列要點:
1. 形容詞或副詞若可以加 est,尌不能再用 most。
2. 最高級是指三者以上,故介系詞後用的名詞應用複數。
3. 最高級後面的介系詞片語常常可以移至句首。

4.
A+ be junior to+ B (A比B還年青)
A+ be senior to+ B (A比B還年長)
A+ be superior+ to+ B (A比B還優越)
A+ be inferior to+ B (A在B還差)
A+ be prior to+ B (A在B之前)
A+ be posterior to+ B (A在B之後)
上列結構本身即比較的意思,故不能再加more,且因有to,故不可再加than。

5. The+比較級+S+ V,the+比較級+S+ V:表達“愈…尌愈”。
例:
1. The greater the gains (利潤) are, the higher the risks (風險) are.
2. The higher the mountain is, the colder it is.

6. 倍數:
(a) A+ V+倍數+as many as+ B’s
                              much
= A+ V+倍數+the number of+ B’s
                             amount of

(表達“A剛好是B數倍”,可數用many, number,不可數用much, amount)
(b) A+ V+倍數+more than+ B’s (表達“A超出B的數倍以上”)
例:1. My money is three times as much as yours.
2. My money is three times the amount of yours.
3. My books are three times more than yours.

7. 比較級可以加er,最高級可以加est的形容詞與副詞:
(a) 單音節皆可,如long, short, great, high, strong, weak, young, light等等。
(b) 雙音節則以少許由y結尾者,如happy, early, angry, lazy, pretty, wealthy等。
英文文法


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